New Year Day Cultures
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New Year is the festival that celebrates the beginning of a new year. The date to make this conclusion depends on the type of calendar used, the most common being 1 January, when the Gregorian calendar, which was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and is used in most countries the world.
Western New Year
In countries governed by the Gregorian calendar, the celebration of New Year is celebrated on January 1, a date that is considered festive in most of them.
Traditionally, the Roman calendar began the first day of March. However, it was in January (the eleventh month) when the consuls of ancient Rome assumed the government.
Julius Caesar, in 47 a. C., changed the system, creating the Julian calendar, with some modifications made at the time of the consul Mark Antony in 44 a. C., the Emperor Augustus Caesar in 8 a. C. and finally by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, is used today. In this the year begins on 1 January.
Subsequently, the Gregorian calendar remained the custom and the celebration was marked with religious significance during the Middle Ages and later centuries.
With the expansion of Western culture to the world during the twentieth century, the January 1 date became a universal, even in countries with their own New Year celebrations (eg, China).
Today, the New Year celebration is one of the main celebrations in the world. Major events are held in major cities worldwide New Year’s Eve (New Year’s Eve for the December 31), being accompanied with the biggest fireworks event. Some of the biggest events of the world focus on Sydney, Valparaíso, Hong Kong, London, New York and Rio de Janeiro.
While in Sydney was launched at midnight more than 80,000 fireworks in front of one and a half million attendees, being the most-watched event on television worldwide last year, in Valparaiso receive more than two million visitors to witness the more extensive pyrotechnics natural scenery along 21 kilometers of fireworks over the bay, from the commercial port of Valparaiso to the city of Concon for 25 minutes.
In New York the celebration is focused around a big crystal ball that descends on a crowd in Times Square, and is also the party with the largest number of attendees as last year: more than three million people. In addition, much of the clubs host holiday to celebrate the arrival of the new year.
In the culture of Latin America there are a variety of traditions and superstitions for these dates, as a form of wishes for the coming year. The uncorking a bottle of champagne at 0:00 on 1 January still stands as a symbol of New Year celebration.
New Year’s party is closely linked with the celebration of Christmas Eve, Christmas and Hannukah. Due to the closeness of all these parties is that much of the world considers the last week of the year as the start of the holiday period, either winter (northern hemisphere) or summer (Southern Hemisphere).
According to Judeo-Christian tradition, on 1 January coincides with the circumcision of Christ (the eighth day after birth), when it receives the name of Jesus (the Gospel of Luke 2:21).
Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year (Chinese: 春节, 春节, Chunjie, 农历 新年, 农历 新年, Nónglì Xīnnián) is based on the lunar calendar traditionally used in China. According to the Chinese calendar, the celebration of a new year usually falls to the second new moon after winter solstice (December 21).
Due to its lunar Chinese New Year can not be converted to an exact date in the Gregorian calendar and can actually occur between the January 21 or February 21.
Source: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1o_Nuevo
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