The Effect of the Attachment
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Attachment theory is a psychological research field that has its origin in John Bowlby studies in the 1950s on young people who find themselves at odds with life. What they had in common was very often problematic relationships with their mothers.
He also studied infants at the time regulations were in hospitals without any contact with their parents for several weeks, and how this had severe effects on them.
At that time the prevailing view that children’s relationships with their parents was a byproduct of that was associated with food, and Bowlby made a major effort to demonstrate the importance of children’s unique, irreplaceable relationships with caring people.
According to Bowlby man’s children are biologically prepared to bond with their care of people, usually parents, for this serves the evolutionary function is to keep the child away from danger and thus benefit the child’s survival.
During the first six months of life the child is socially promiscuous but then begins to show preferences for the care of people who had the most contact with. At an age related services in principle, formed into the primary care person, the so-called connected diagrams.
It turns out that the child is looking close to them, using them as “safe harbors” where the stress and using them as “secure bases” for the exploration of their surroundings.
Depending on various factors, including poor care, long separations and losses of related figures, the child can develop an insecure attachment will characterize their interpersonal orientation throughout their lives, “said Bowlby.
Bowlby successor Mary Ainsworth contributed to the related theory by the 70’s empirical study on, various types of related strategies that the child uses, depending on their relationship to the related figures.
She described the guidelines for identifying types of “security”, “insecurity / avoidance ‘and’ insecure / ambivalent” link depending on the child’s behavior toward their parents at the age of one year in a mildly stressful situation, the so-called strange situation.
This showed she also be related to parental sensitivity and responsivity to the child’s signals during the first year of life.
Mary Main and her colleagues extended in the 1980s, research related to adult-related move. She developed a semi-structured interview, “Adult Attachment Interview”, which with satisfactory scientific certainty could predict an adult’s unborn child connected with him for at the age of one year.
This gave scientific evidence Bowlby hypothesized extension’s stability through life, and the intergenerational transmission of our related properties.
Attachment theory and research carries great implications for people’s psychosocial health, ways of relating to other people, psychopathology, romantic relationships, psychotherapy and more, and is a growing field of research in psychology.
Based on attachment theory has both preventive and treatment interventions designed. A systematic review of Baker’s-Kranenburg and colleagues (2003) of randomized controlled trials reported 23 such studies with a clear effect on the average abundance of secure attachment. The effect is more obvious after only a few sessions.
Source: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anknytningsteori
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